Verb, adjective and noun-forming endings
Examples for Verb-forming endings ‘-en’ is added to adjectives to make verbs.
| Adjectives | Verbs |
| Bright | brighten |
| Dark | darken |
| Deep | deepen |
| Fresh | freshen |
| Hard | harden |
| Less | lessen |
| Thick | thicken |
| Coarse | coarsen |
| Ripe | ripen |
| Wide | widen |
| Worse | worsen |
| Fat | fatten |
| Mad | madden |
| Red | redden |
| Sad | sadden |
Adjective-forming endings ‘-en’ is added to some nouns to make adjectives.
| Nouns | Adjectives |
| Gold | golden |
| Earth | earthen |
| Lead | leaden |
| Silk | silken |
| Wax | waxen |
| Wheat | wheaten |
| Wood | wooden |
| Wool | woolen |
-er’ is added to some verbs to make nouns.
| Verbs | Nouns |
| Call | caller |
| Desert | deserter |
| Paint | painter |
| Publish | publisher |
| Read | reader |
| Report | reporter |
| Ski | skier |
| Speak | speaker |
| Train | trainer |
| Walk | walker |
| Work | worker |
‘r’ is added to some verbs to make nouns.
| Verbs | Nouns |
| Advertise | advertiser |
| Argue | arguer |
| Bake | baker |
| Commute | commuter |
| Giggle | giggle |
| Invader | invader |
| Lecture | Lecture |
| Move | mover |
| Liquidize | liquidizer |
| Race | racer |
| Ramble | rambler |
| Skate | skater |
| Tame | tamer |
| Weave | weaver |
We double the final consonant of some verbs before adding ‘-er’ to make them nouns.
| Verbs | Nouns |
| Bid | bidder |
| Jog | jogger |
| Quit | quitter |
| Run | runner |
| Sit | sitter |
| Zip | zipper |
| Begin | beginner |
| Programme | programmer |
| Control | controller |
| Level | leveller |
| Signal | signaller |
| Travel | traveller |
Before adding ‘-er’ to verbs ending with ‘y’, change ‘y’ to ‘i’.
| Verbs | Nouns |
| Amplify | amplifier |
| Carry | carrier |
| Copy | copier |
| Fancy | fancier |
| Humidify | humidifier |
| Occupy | occupier |
| Photocopy | photocopier |
Exceptions
| Verbs | Nouns |
| Buy | buyer |
| Destroy | destroyer |
| Play | player |
| Stay | stayer |
Add ‘k’ before adding-er’ to verbs ending with ‘c’.
Verbs Nouns
Panic panickier
Picnic picnicker
Here is a list of ‘doer’ nouns ending in ‘or’. Be familiar with them.
Abductor, accelerator, actor, adjudicator, administrator, aggressor, ambassador, ancestor,
animator, arbitrator, auditor, author, aviator,
bachelor, benefactor, calculator, captor, censor, chancellor, collaborator, collector,
commentator, communicator, compressor, conductor, confessor, conqueror, conspirator,
constructor, contractor, contributor, councillor, counsellor, creator, creditor, curator,
decorator, defector, demonstrator, depositor, debtor, detonator, detractor, dictator,
director, distributor, doctor, donor, duplicator,
editor, educator, elector, elevator, emperor, equator, escalator, excavator, executor,
facilitator, factor,
gladiator, governor, guarantor,
illustrator, impersonator, impostor, incinerator, incubator, indicator, infiltrator, inheritor,
initiator, inquisitor, inspector, instructor, interrogator, inventor, investigator, investor, invigilator,
janitor, legislator, liberator,
major, mayor, mediator, mentor, microprocessor, monitor, narrator, navigator,
objector, operator, oppressor, orator, orchestrator,
pastor, perambulator, perpetrator, persecutor, possessor, precursor, predator,
predecessor, processor, professor, projector, proprietor, prosecutor, protector, purveyor,
radiator, rector, reflector, refrigerator, regulator,
sailor, selector, senator, solicitor, spectator, sponsor, suitor, supervisor, surveyor, survivor,
tailor, tractor, traitor, transgressor, transistor, translator,
vendor, ventilator, victor, violator, visitor
